# Design Your Own Macropad With AI Auto-Layout Learn how to design a custom macropad PCB, customize the layout, and use AI Auto-Layout to route your board for manufacturing. Written by [Jharwin Barrozo](https://flux.seobdtools.com/jharwinbarrozo) Published Nov 2026 - 8 min read [![Two custom macro pads designed using Flux and powered by Raspberry Pi Pico. The pads feature 12 mechanical switches with per-key white keycaps, two rotary encoders for additional control, and a slide potentiometer for precise adjustments. Both boards are displayed with a vibrant purple PCB design, showcasing Flux's PCB editor and its newest AI Auto-Layout, and are compatible with popular manufacturer specifications.](https://flux.seobdtools.com/p/assets/blogs/rpi-macro-2/main.webp)](#) Hitting the same keys and toggling commands all day is incredibly tedious. A macropad can free up mental bandwidth and speed up your workflow—whether you’re designing PCBs, writing firmware, editing videos, or any other repetitive task. In this post, we’ll guide you through an existing [macropad design](https://flux.seobdtools.com/flux/pico-macro-keyboard-v2?editor=pcb_3d) in Flux so you can: - **Fork** it instantly and use it as-is, or - **Tweak** it to your heart’s content—add more keys, swap out the microcontroller, or rearrange the layout. - **Use** AI Auto-Layout to handle routing automatically. By the end, you’ll have a **production-ready custom macropad** you can actually order—and, if you’re up for it, share your unique spin with the Flux community. [ ![macropad keyboard 3D view in Flux](https://flux.seobdtools.com/p/assets/blogs/rpi-macro-2/macropad-3d-view.webp) ](https://flux.seobdtools.com/flux/pico-macro-keyboard-v2) ### Inside the Custom Macropad Build This example takes inspiration from the popular “[Figma Creator Micro](https://worklouder.cc/figma/),” which was designed to speed up design software workflows. We wanted a similarly compact macropad with **plenty of customization**. **Key Components and Features**: **1\. Raspberry Pi Pico 2** ([RP2350A](https://flux.seobdtools.com/projects/ad90d263-ca7f-44e2-bdcf-9239d27830cb)) - The latest Pico variant, provides more power and capability. - Offers native USB HID functionality, so your custom macropad can be recognized as a keyboard. **2\. External Flash Memory** ([W25Q32RVXHJQ](https://flux.seobdtools.com/projects/f6058fec-511b-4a19-ada2-6e7e8e01dbef)) - 3V, 32M-bit serial flash with dual/quad SPI & QPI. - Useful if you need extra storage for more complex macros, animations, or data logging. **3\. Two Rotary Encoders** ([PEC12R-2220F-S0024](https://flux.seobdtools.com/projects/bdcc35a8-1a10-45a2-b266-fb195c009c4d)) - Adds dial-based input for volume, scrolling, or continuous adjustments. - Each encoder can also include a push-button switch, depending on the model. **4\. Slide Potentiometer** ([PTA2043-2010CIB103](https://flux.seobdtools.com/projects/3f77386d-6087-4742-a7b6-9ce2e6759aea)) - Provides smooth, precise adjustment—great for volume, brightness, or scrubbing through a timeline. 5\. [Mechanical Key Modules](https://flux.seobdtools.com/collinsemasi/mechanical-key-module) - Each “module” includes a [Kailh PG1353](https://flux.seobdtools.com/vasy_skral/kailh-choc-v1) low-profile clicky switch, an RGB LED ([WS2812-2020](https://flux.seobdtools.com/jecstronic/ws2812-2020)), and a diode. - Using **modules** in Flux means one click = the entire key circuit. This modular approach simplifies duplication and future updates. [ ![Macropad keyboard close-up 2D view in Flux](https://flux.seobdtools.com/p/assets/blogs/rpi-macro-2/pcb-2d-closeup.webp) ](https://flux.seobdtools.com/flux/pico-macro-keyboard-v2) ### Macropad PCB Design: Layout & Ground Fill We used **Flux’s automatic ground fill** to ensure easy, noise-free connections across the board. [Smart vias](https://docs.flux.ai/reference/smart-vias) also help optimize routing, especially in compact designs. That keeps your layout clean and production-friendly. **See the Schematic and PCB**: [Open/Clone the Example Project in Flux](https://flux.seobdtools.com/flux/pico-macro-keyboard-v2) to explore the design step by step. If you want a no-fuss option, you can literally just fork and order it as-is. ### Step 1: Fork the Example 1. **Open the Project**: Click [this link](https://flux.seobdtools.com/flux/pico-macro-keyboard-v2) to open the project 2. **“Fork” in Flux**: This copies everything—schematic, PCB layout, modules—into your workspace. 3. If you love the project and want to manufacture it as is, **feel free to skip to Step 5.** [ ![Macropad keyboard project schematic diagram in Flux](https://flux.seobdtools.com/p/assets/blogs/rpi-macro-2/macropad-schematic-diagram.webp) ](https://flux.seobdtools.com/flux/pico-macro-keyboard-v2?editor=schematic) ### Step 2: Understand the Modules & Connections Before you start tinkering, it helps to see how everything fits together. If you’re not sure why certain parts are included or how they’re wired, you can simply ask [Flux Copilot](https://flux.seobdtools.com/p/blog/flux-copilot-the-first-ai-powered-hardware-design-assistant), our AI assistant, **right in the project**. **Example Copilot Prompts:** > ***@copilot*** *can you explain how the Mechanical Key Module is wired to the Raspberry Pi Pico?* > ***@copilot*** *what’s the function of the external flash memory in this design?* > ***@copilot*** *can you outline how the two rotary encoders are connected?* > ***@copilot*** *which GPIO pins are currently free for additional keys or sensors?* You can also request a **high-level overview** of the entire project: ![Copilot is responding to a user, explaining about a project](https://flux.seobdtools.com/p/assets/blogs/rpi-macro-2/copilot-explain-this-project.gif) Copilot will respond with details about components, pin assignments, and even why certain parts were chosen, helping you understand the design before you dive into any major customizations. ### Step 3: Customize the Macropad PCB A quick way of personalizing this design would be to add some more keys. Each [Mechanical Key Module](https://flux.seobdtools.com/collinsemasi/mechanical-key-module) is pre-built with the switch, diode, and LED. If you want more (or fewer) keys: **1\. Copy the Module** in the schematic. 2\. Ask Copilot for an unused GPIO on the RP2350. Type: > *@copilot Find a free GPIO Pin on the RP2350 where I can connect a new key* 3\. Let Flux Copilot handle the actual schematic wiring if you’d like. Type: > *@copilot connect Key13 GPIO X* For the **rotary encoders** and **slide potentiometer**, you’ll see them already placed in the schematic. Feel free to move them around, switch to different pins, or remove them if you don’t need them. ### Step 4: Arrange Components and Run AI Auto-Layout Switch to the PCB editor to see the current footprint placements. 1. **Move Stuff Around**: Want the Pico on the left edge for easier USB access? Just drag it. 2. **Add or Remove Key Modules**: If you duplicated or removed keys in the schematic, you’ll see that reflected here. 3. **Run AI Auto-Layout**: Click “Auto-Layout.” Flux’s AI engine will handle trace routing, ensuring a clean layout. Repeat or tweak until the board shape, connector positions, and overall look match your preferences. ![AI Auto-Layout is activated on a project. AI will now about to start routing the board.](https://flux.seobdtools.com/p/assets/blogs/rpi-macro-2/ai-auto-layout-click.gif) ### Step 5: Finalize & Order 1. **DRC Checks**: Flux flags any design-rule violations in real-time. Address issues if they pop up (like overlapping components or unconnected nets). 2. **Ground Fill & Stitching**: We rely on Flux’s automatic ground fill for noise reduction. No need to do it manually. 3. **Export Gerbers or Order Directly**: Once satisfied, generate manufacturing files or send them straight to your chosen PCB board house. That’s it! You’ll have your custom macropad PCB in hand in a couple of weeks—ready to solder and test. ### Step 6: Program the Pico We’ve included a **MicroPython** firmware example that handles **debouncing**, **RGB lighting**, **rotary encoder tracking**, and **custom macros**. You can tweak it however you like: add more key commands, change LED effects, or even integrate USB HID keyboard functionality. The **full MicroPython example code** is available in the Flux project. ```python import machine import utime from neopixel import NeoPixel # Define GPIO pins for switches SWITCH_PINS = [2, 3, 4, 5] # Assign GPIOs for your 4 macro keys switches = [machine.Pin(pin, machine.Pin.IN, machine.Pin.PULL_UP) for pin in SWITCH_PINS] # Define debounce time to avoid false readings from bouncing switches DEBOUNCE_TIME = 20 # 20 ms debounce # Define GPIO pins for encoders ENCODER_A = machine.Pin(6, machine.Pin.IN, machine.Pin.PULL_UP) ENCODER_B = machine.Pin(7, machine.Pin.IN, machine.Pin.PULL_UP) # LED control (assuming WS2812 or other RGB LEDs) LED_PIN = machine.Pin(15, machine.Pin.OUT) NUM_LEDS = 4 leds = NeoPixel(LED_PIN, NUM_LEDS) # Variables to track encoder state encoder_position = 0 last_encoder_state = (ENCODER_A.value(), ENCODER_B.value()) # RGB Color values OFF = (0, 0, 0) RED = (255, 0, 0) GREEN = (0, 255, 0) BLUE = (0, 0, 255) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) # Macro definitions MACROS = { 0: 'Volume Up', 1: 'Volume Down', 2: 'Next Track', 3: 'Previous Track', } # Timer to avoid debounce issues def debounce(pin): last_state = pin.value() utime.sleep_ms(DEBOUNCE_TIME) current_state = pin.value() return last_state == 1 and current_state == 0 # Key press handler with debounce and macro execution def check_keys(): for i, switch in enumerate(switches): if debounce(switch): print(f"Key {i+1} pressed") execute_macro(i) led_feedback(i) # Execute macro action based on key pressed def execute_macro(key): macro = MACROS.get(key, "Undefined Macro") print(f"Executing {macro}") # Advanced users can add HID USB keyboard functionality here # For example, using the 'uhid' module or CircuitPython's USB HID library # LED feedback function with color cycling for each key press def led_feedback(key): colors = [RED, GREEN, BLUE, WHITE] # Different colors for each key leds.fill(OFF) # Clear all LEDs leds[key] = colors[key % len(colors)] # Cycle through colors for each key leds.write() # Encoder read function to track position and detect rotation def check_encoder(): global encoder_position, last_encoder_state current_state = (ENCODER_A.value(), ENCODER_B.value()) if current_state != last_encoder_state: if current_state == (0, 1): # Clockwise encoder_position += 1 print(f"Encoder rotated clockwise: {encoder_position}") elif current_state == (1, 0): # Counterclockwise encoder_position -= 1 print(f"Encoder rotated counterclockwise: {encoder_position}") # Apply color change based on encoder position adjust_led_brightness(encoder_position) last_encoder_state = current_state # Function to adjust LED brightness based on encoder input def adjust_led_brightness(position): brightness = max(0, min(255, position * 10)) # Scale brightness from 0 to 255 print(f"Adjusting LED brightness to: {brightness}") leds.fill((brightness, brightness, brightness)) # Uniform brightness for all LEDs leds.write() # Main loop with key check, encoder check, and periodic updates while True: check_keys() check_encoder() utime.sleep(0.05) # Short delay to prevent CPU overuse ``` **How to Flash**: - Put your Pico in bootloader mode. (Hold the BOOTSEL button while plugging it in via USB.) - Drag-and-drop a .uf2 build of this code onto the Pico drive. - Or use a MicroPython IDE (like Thonny) to upload the .py script directly. ### We Want to See Your Custom Macropads! A macropad is a fun, hands-on introduction to designing **professional-grade PCBs** with Flux—while still being small and easy to iterate on. Using modules, AI Auto-Layout, and built-in Copilot means you can move fast, experiment freely, and end up with a fully functional device you’ll actually use every day. Ready to **fork** this design and customize the hardware, firmware, or both? - **Add More Keys**: Throw in extra mechanical key modules. - **Go Wild with RGB**: Make each key’s LED do something different. - **Try a Different Microcontroller**: If you need more GPIO or different features. - Share Your Build: We’d love to see build photos and code snippets. **Share your unique designs** with the Flux community for a chance to be featured in an upcoming showcase! We can’t wait to see your take on this build—happy designing! ## About the author [Jharwin Barrozo](https://flux.seobdtools.com/jharwinbarrozo) Electronics Engineer at Flux Jharwin is an electronics engineer mainly focused on satellites. He built his own ground station using Flux to monitor RF activities on the International Space Station. Find him on Flux [@jharwinbarrozo](https://flux.ai/jharwinbarrozo) Let’s start building Build your big idea together with Flux. All you need to do is describe what you want to make, or what problem you want to solve. Flux will work with you to make it a reality. ![Close-up photo of a PCB made with Flux, with an ESP32 module, buttons, and a microSD slot.](https://flux.seobdtools.com/p/assets/blogs/miscellaneous/sidebar-cta-pcb.webp) [Try it Free](https://flux.seobdtools.com/signup) ## More in Step-by-Step Projects & Templates [ ![This image features two main components: On the left is a detailed layout design of an electronic circuit board named "GREEN DOT 2040E5," dated 2023.11.11, and marked as made with Flux.AI. This board includes an RP2040 microcontroller at its heart, surrounded by various electronic components like resistors, capacitors, a switch, and interface connectors for peripherals, labeled with GPIO pins, I2C connections (SDA and SCL), ground (GND), and power supply inputs (3.3V, 5V, 12V). 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